Synopsis of Important Court Cases
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Marbury v. Madison
Judicial Review case; William Marbury (Marbury), an end-of-term appointee of President John Adams (President Adams) to a justice of the peace position in the District of Columbia, brought suit against President Thomas Jefferson’s (President Jefferson) Secretary of State, James Madison, seeking delivery of his commission. The Supreme Court of the United States has constitutional authority to review executive actions and legislative acts. The Supreme Court has limited jurisdiction, the bounds of which are set by the United States Constitution, which may not be enlarged by the Congress.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The state of Maryland enacted a tax that would force the United States Bank in Maryland to pay taxes to the state. McCulloch, a cashier for the Baltimore, Maryland Bank, was sued for not complying with the Maryland state tax.
-the court expanded Congress’ powers to include those implied by the Constitution
-established the inferior status of the states in relation to the Union
-set the constitutional sovereignty of the federal government
Miranda v. Arizona
-Miranda Rights: “you have the right to remain silent…”
The defendants offered incriminating evidence during police interrogations without prior notification of their rights under the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
(Authorities need to read the individuals there Miranda Rights (5th amendment) prior to the arrest.
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Segregation
-Separate is Equal
A law, which authorizes or requires the separation of the two races on public conveyances, is consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution (Constitution) unless the law is unreasonable.
(Plessy refused to leave the section of the train that was reserved for whites so he was prosecuted.)
Judicial Review case; William Marbury (Marbury), an end-of-term appointee of President John Adams (President Adams) to a justice of the peace position in the District of Columbia, brought suit against President Thomas Jefferson’s (President Jefferson) Secretary of State, James Madison, seeking delivery of his commission. The Supreme Court of the United States has constitutional authority to review executive actions and legislative acts. The Supreme Court has limited jurisdiction, the bounds of which are set by the United States Constitution, which may not be enlarged by the Congress.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The state of Maryland enacted a tax that would force the United States Bank in Maryland to pay taxes to the state. McCulloch, a cashier for the Baltimore, Maryland Bank, was sued for not complying with the Maryland state tax.
-the court expanded Congress’ powers to include those implied by the Constitution
-established the inferior status of the states in relation to the Union
-set the constitutional sovereignty of the federal government
Miranda v. Arizona
-Miranda Rights: “you have the right to remain silent…”
The defendants offered incriminating evidence during police interrogations without prior notification of their rights under the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
(Authorities need to read the individuals there Miranda Rights (5th amendment) prior to the arrest.
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Segregation
-Separate is Equal
A law, which authorizes or requires the separation of the two races on public conveyances, is consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution (Constitution) unless the law is unreasonable.
(Plessy refused to leave the section of the train that was reserved for whites so he was prosecuted.)